The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company purchases certificates of deposit with maturity schedules of three, six, nine and twelve months. Instruments with original maturities greater than three months but less than twelve months are included in short-term investments.

The Company regularly maintains cash and short-term investments at third-party financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, insurance limit. While the Company monitors the daily cash balances in the operating accounts and adjusts the balances as appropriate, these balances could be impacted, and there could be a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, if one or more of the financial institutions with which the Company has deposits fails or is subject to other adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets. To date, the Company has not experienced a loss or lack of access to its invested cash or cash equivalents; however, the Company cannot provide assurance that access to its invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse conditions in the financial and credit markets.

Depending on the agreement with the customer, product revenues from the sale of human plasma collected at the Company’s FDA-licensed plasma collection centers are recognized at the time of transfer of title and risk of loss to the customer, which occurs at the time of shipment.  Product revenues are recognized at the time of delivery if the Company retains the risk of loss during shipment.  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, two of the Company’s customers, SK Plasma Co., Ltd., “SK”, and BPC, represented greater than 95% of our total revenues, with BPC representing approximately 82% of our total revenues and SK representing approximately 14% of our total revenues.

  Revenue from license fees and research and development services rendered are recognized as revenue when the performance obligations under the terms of the license agreement have been completed.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 are comprised of product revenues from the sale of normal source human plasma collected from the Company’s plasma collection centers segment and license and other revenues are primarily attributable to the out-licensing of RI-002 to Biotest AG to market and sell in Europe and selected countries in North Africa and the Middle East.  Biotest and BPC, a subsidiary of Biotest, have provided the Company with certain services and financial payments in accordance with the related Biotest license agreement and is obligated to pay the Company certain amounts in the future if certain milestones are achieved.  During the third quarter of 2015, the Company recorded deferred revenue of $1.5 million for a milestone payment provided to the Company after the BLA for RI-002 was filed with the FDA, in accordance with the terms of the Biotest license agreement. Deferred revenue is recognized over the term of the Biotest AG license.  Deferred revenue is amortized into income for a period of approximately 20 years, the term of the Biotest license agreement.

The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred, of which such expenses include costs associated with planning and conducting clinical trials, manufacturing, quality, testing, validation, regulatory consulting and filing fees and employees’ compensation expenses directly related to R&D activities.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.

The Company recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets if it is more likely than not that these deferred income tax assets will not be realized.

The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The Company’s U.S. Federal and state income tax returns prior to fiscal year 2013 are closed and management continually evaluates expiring statutes of limitations, audits, proposed settlements, changes in tax law and new authoritative rulings.

The Company will recognize interest and penalties associated with tax matters as income tax expense.

The Company follows recognized accounting guidance which requires all stock-based payments, including grants of stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations as compensation expense, based on their fair values on the grant date. The estimated fair value of stock options granted under the Company’s 2007 Employee Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) and the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2014 Plan”) is recognized as compensation expense over the option-vesting period.

During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, stock options to purchase 100,984 and 432,500 shares of common stock, respectively, were issued to employees and non-employee directors. During the year ended December 31, 2016, options to purchase 21,334 shares of common stock were forfeited and options to purchase 8,666 shares of common stock expired. During the year ended December 31, 2015, options to purchase 7,514 shares of common stock were exercised by an employee and options to purchase 9,710 shares of common stock were forfeited.

On June 19, 2014, at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”), the stockholders approved the 2014 Plan, which was approved by the Board of Directors of ADMA (the “Board”) on February 21, 2014. The maximum number of shares reserved for grant under the 2014 Plan is: (a) 800,000 shares; plus (b) an annual increase as of the first day of the Company’s fiscal year, beginning in 2015 and occurring each year thereafter through 2020, equal to the least of (i) 200,000 shares, (ii) 1% of the outstanding shares of common stock as of the end of the Company’s immediately preceding fiscal year, and (iii) any lesser number of shares determined by the Board; provided, however, that the aggregate number of shares available for issuance pursuant to such increases shall not exceed a total of 800,000 shares.

During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense to employees of $1,250,074 and $1,711,047, respectively. The fair value of employee options granted was determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of publicly traded options, which have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions including the expected stock price volatility. The Company’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. To determine the risk-free interest rate, the Company utilized the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant with a term consistent with the expected term of the Company’s awards. The expected term of the options granted is in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletins 107 and 110, which is based on the average between vesting terms and contractual terms. The expected dividend yield reflects the Company’s current and expected future policy for dividends on the Company’s common stock. The expected stock price volatility for the Company’s stock options was calculated by examining the pro rata historical volatilities for similar publicly traded industry peers and the trading history for the Company’s common stock. The Company will continue to analyze the expected stock price volatility and expected term assumptions. The Company has not experienced any material forfeitures of stock options and, as such, has not established a forfeiture rate since the stock options currently outstanding are primarily held by the Company’s senior management and directors. The Company will continue to evaluate the effects of such future potential forfeitures, as they may arise, to evaluate the Company’s estimated forfeiture rate. 

The Company records compensation expense associated with stock options and other forms of equity compensation using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the following assumptions:

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The standard introduces a screen for determining when assets acquired are not a business and clarifies that a business must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that contribute to an output to be considered a business. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company does not expect this new guidance to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB, issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718), which provides for simplification of certain aspects of employee share-based payment accounting including income taxes, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, accounting for forfeitures and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 will be effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2017 and will be applied either prospectively, retrospectively or using a modified retrospective transition approach depending on the area covered in this update. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by most leases on their balance sheet. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. ASU 2016-02 requires modified retrospective adoption for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the standard may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which includes amendments that require deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position.  The amendments in this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018.  Earlier application is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period.  The amendments may be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented.  The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments, which includes amendments that require an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined.  The amendments in this ASU require that the acquirer record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the changes to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. The amendments in this ASU require an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date.  The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The amendments should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of the ASU with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not yet been made available for issuance. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The standard requires entities to measure most inventory “at the lower of cost and net realizable value,” thereby simplifying the current guidance under which an entity must measure inventory at the lower of cost or market (market in this context is defined as one of three different measures, one of which is net realizable value). The standard is effective for the Company prospectively beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest, which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of being presented as an asset. Debt disclosures will include the face amount of the debt liability and the effective interest rate. The update requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted ASU 2015-03 in its second quarter 2015 consolidated financial statements and recast the prior period balances to conform to the current period presentation.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which provides guidance on determining when and how reporting entities must disclose going-concern uncertainties in their financial statements. The new standard requires management to perform interim and annual assessments of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date of issuance of the entity’s financial statements (or within one year after the date on which the financial statements are available to be issued, when applicable). Further, an entity must provide certain disclosures if there is “substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.” The FASB believes that requiring management to perform the assessment will enhance the timeliness, clarity, and consistency of related disclosures and improve convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) (which emphasize management’s responsibility for performing the going-concern assessment). However, the time horizon for the assessment (look-forward period) and the disclosure thresholds under GAAP and IFRSs will continue to differ. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted this standard which has not had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an entity recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to its customers. In order to achieve this core principle, an entity should apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. This update will replace existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP, when it becomes effective for us beginning January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of 2017. The updated standard will permit the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its results of operations. Based on its procedures performed to date, nothing has come to the Company’s attention that would indicate that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, however, the Company will continue to evaluate this assessment. The Company has not yet selected a transition method. The Company is still evaluating disclosure requirements under the new standard. The Company will continue to evaluate the standard as well as additional changes, modifications or interpretations which may impact its current conclusions.